Biliary atresia is one year old

Newborn babies are prone to problems due to the development of various body functions and the imperfection of their immune system. Biliary atresia is a common disease among children. It is mainly caused by the gradual fibrosis of the bile duct, leading to obstruction of the bile duct system. This is a very serious condition for babies. So when this happens, for the big baby, what methods should we take to solve it without causing great harm to the baby's body?

Basic Overview

Neonatal hepatitis syndrome (giant cell hepatitis) is usually idiopathic and is caused by cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, and alpha-antitrypsin deficiency.

Biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis syndrome represent a continuous process rather than a specific entity. Both disorders typically present during the first 2 weeks of life with hyperbilirubinemic jaundice, clay-white stools, and an enlarged liver. Failure to thrive, pruritus, and symptoms of portal hypertension develop between 3 weeks and 2 years of age.

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If biliary atresia is suspected in a child, a laparotomy should be performed within 2 months of birth, as delayed surgery may lead to irreversible biliary cirrhosis. During the operation, cholangiography should be performed to understand the condition of the bile duct, and liver tissue should be biopsied and frozen sections should be taken to understand its morphological changes. Only 5% to 10% of children can successfully undergo biliary re-anastomosis, while the remaining children can often reconstruct the bile duct through the Kasai procedure (hepatic portoenterostomy). However, many children still have obvious chronic diseases after surgery, including cholestasis, recurrent biliary inflammation and developmental delay, which leads to increased late mortality. For children with liver failure, liver transplantation saves liver function. Here, biliary atresia is the most common indication for liver transplantation in the pediatric field. Cholestasis caused by neonatal hepatitis is usually slow to treat, causing permanent liver damage, and some children die as a result.