What are the classifications of supracondylar humeral fractures in children?

Children are more active and have a strong curiosity about new things in their bodies. However, children's bones are always in development, so they are very fragile. If an accident happens, the chance of bone injury is very high. Some children have supracondylar fractures of the humerus. There are many types of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. So what are the types of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children?

First, what are the types of supracondylar humeral fractures in children? Supracondylar humeral fractures are divided into extension type and flexion type. Hyperextension of the elbow during a fall causes an extension-type supracondylar fracture, with the distal end of the fracture displaced posteriorly and superiorly. About 98%. The most common type is the ulnar deviation with extension, which can easily damage the radial nerve and cause residual cubitus varus. The straight radial deviation type is easily accompanied by damage to the brachial artery and median nerve. When falling, the elbow joint is flexed and the olecranon lands on the ground, resulting in a flexion-type supracondylar fracture with the distal fracture fragment displaced forward and upward. About 2%. The commonly used fracture classification internationally is the Gartland classification based on the degree of fracture displacement.

Second, how to treat supracondylar fracture of humerus in children? Closed reduction and external fixation. Gartland type 1 fracture (non-displaced fracture) patients were fixed in a plaster splint with the elbow flexed 90° and the forearm in a neutral position for 3 weeks before active functional exercises were started, and the patients were photographed every 3 and 7 days. Gartland type II fracture (incompletely displaced fracture) is treated with manual reduction and plaster fixation with the elbow flexed 120°. The affected limb should be elevated within 48 hours, and attention should be paid to observe the occurrence of compartment syndrome. Gartland type III: Closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation is currently the preferred treatment method internationally, with 2-3 Kirschner wires used for fixation on the lateral side, 2 Kirschner wires for type II, and 3 Kirschner wires for type III. Reduction method: flex the elbow 40°, pull the thumb on the broken end from near to far, and push the soft tissue in front of the elbow like milking. Three-dimensional deformity of the distal end of the fracture, including ulnar or radial deviation in the coronal plane, anterior-posterior displacement in the sagittal plane, and rotational displacement in the horizontal plane.

What are the classifications of supracondylar humeral fractures in children? Closed reduction and internal fixation under anesthesia: It is recommended to try closed reduction under anesthesia, and Kirschner wire internal fixation after satisfactory results. Open reduction and internal fixation of fractures: If closed reduction fails, or there is vascular and nerve damage that needs exploration, or open fractures, open reduction and internal fixation can be performed. The incision can be made through the lateral approach or the anterior approach depending on the situation.