How to determine anemia in children?

Anemia in children is now common, which brings great trouble to both the children themselves and us adults. If a child becomes ill, it may affect your entire family and make them unable to sleep or eat. Therefore, treating anemia in children can bring benefits to our entire family. Everyone is not particularly clear about how to judge anemia in children. Let us learn about the relevant content on how to judge anemia in children.

1. Anemia due to decreased erythropoiesis

Abnormalities in hematopoietic cells, bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment and hematopoietic raw materials affect erythropoiesis and may lead to erythropoietic anemia.

(1) Anemia caused by abnormal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

1) Aplastic anemia (AA) AA is a bone marrow hematopoietic failure disease, which is related to primary and secondary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell damage. The pathogenesis of partial pancytopenia is related to the production of anti-bone marrow cell autoantibodies by B cells, which in turn destroy or inhibit bone marrow hematopoietic cells.

2) Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) PRCA refers to damage to the erythroid hematopoietic stem progenitor cells in the bone marrow, which in turn causes anemia. Depending on the cause, the disease can be divided into two categories: congenital and acquired. Congenital PRCA is Diamond-Blackfan syndrome, which is caused by inheritance; acquired PRCA includes primary and secondary types. Some scholars have found that some primary PRCA patients have autologous EPO or immature erythrocyte antibodies in their serum. Secondary PRCA mainly includes drug-related type, infection-related type (bacteria and viruses, such as parvovirus B19, hepatitis virus, etc.), autoimmune disease-related type, lymphoproliferative disease-related type (such as thymoma, lymphoma, plasma cell disease and lymphocytic leukemia, etc.) and acute aplastic crisis.

3) Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) CDA is a type of refractory anemia caused by hereditary benign clonal abnormalities of erythroid stem and progenitor cells, characterized by ineffective erythroid hematopoiesis and morphological abnormalities. According to the inheritance mode, the disease can be divided into autosomal recessive inheritance type and dominant inheritance type.

4) Malignant clonal diseases of the hematopoietic system These diseases are characterized by qualitative abnormalities in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, including myelodysplastic syndrome and various hematopoietic neoplastic diseases such as leukemia. The former is caused by pathological hematopoiesis, high proliferation, high apoptosis, and in situ hemolysis; the latter is caused by neoplastic proliferation, low apoptosis and low differentiation, which also affects hematopoietic regulation, resulting in a decrease in normal mature red blood cells and anemia.

(2) Anemia caused by abnormal hematopoietic microenvironment

The hematopoietic microenvironment includes bone marrow stroma, stromal cells and cytokines.

1) Anemia caused by damage to the bone marrow matrix and stromal cells, bone marrow necrosis, myelofibrosis, myelosclerosis, marble disease, bone marrow metastasis of various extramedullary tumor diseases, and various infectious or non-infectious osteomyelitis can all affect blood cell production due to damage to the bone marrow matrix and stromal cells and abnormalities in the hematopoietic microenvironment.

How to determine whether a child has anemia is a compulsory course for every parent. We must carefully judge whether our children have similar problems according to the above introduction. When similar problems occur, we must seek effective treatment methods. At the same time, it is very helpful to adopt methods that are suitable for our children.