What tests should be performed in pediatric urology?

Many people think that urinary tract infection is only for adults. In fact, this idea is wrong. Many children are also likely to suffer from urinary tract infection because of their low immune system or encountering infection sources. Therefore, if you find that your child has symptoms similar to urinary tract infection, it is recommended that you take your child to the hospital for examination in time. Here we will also introduce to you what examinations are performed in pediatric urology.

【Laboratory examination】

1. Urinalysis and urine cell count ① Urinalysis: If the white blood cells in the clean midstream urine centrifugal sediment are >10/HPF, urinary tract infection can be suspected. Hematuria is also common. Patients with pyelonephritis have moderate proteinuria, leukocytic casts in the urine, and decreased specific gravity and osmotic pressure of the morning urine. ②1-hour urine leukocyte excretion rate measurement: a leukocyte count >30×104/h is positive, indicating suspected urinary tract infection; a leukocyte count <20×104/h is negative, indicating that urinary tract infection can be ruled out.

2. Urine culture and bacteriological examination Urine bacterial culture and colony count are the main basis for diagnosing urinary tract infection. It is generally believed that a diagnosis can be confirmed when the colony count in midstream urine culture is >105/ml. 104-105/ml is suspicious, <104/ml is contaminated. However, the results analysis should be combined with the gender of the child, the presence or absence of symptoms, the bacterial species and fecundity to comprehensively evaluate the clinical significance. Since one chain of fecal streptococci contains 32 bacteria, it is generally believed that a diagnosis can be made when the colony count is between 103 and 104/ml. Urine culture obtained by suprapubic bladder puncture is diagnostic as long as bacterial growth is found.

3. When looking for bacteria in urine direct smear method, if one bacterium can be found in each field of view under oil microscope, it indicates that the number of bacteria in urine is > 105/ml.

4. Nitrite test strip test (Griess test) was positive for Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella, weakly positive for aerogenes, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, and negative for fecal streptococci and tuberculosis. If morning urine is used, the positive rate can be increased.

【Imaging examination】

The purpose of imaging examination is to: 1. check whether there are congenital or acquired malformations in the urinary system; 2. understand the progression of chronic renal damage or scarring caused by previous missed diagnosis or improper treatment; 3. assist in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract infection. Commonly used imaging examinations include B-mode ultrasound, intravenous pyelography with tomography (to check renal scar formation), excretory cystourethrography (to check vesicoureteral reflux), dynamic and static renal radionuclide imaging, CT scan, etc.

The above-mentioned pediatric urology laboratory tests and imaging examinations can be used to diagnose whether a child has a urinary tract infection. If it is confirmed, it is recommended that parents and friends take good care of the child's psychological health so that the child does not develop a low self-esteem due to the disease. This will allow the child to grow up healthily after recovering from the disease.