What are the treatments for bronchial asthma in children?

Bronchial asthma is a common airway disease. According to professional doctors, this disease has no age difference, but children are relatively more susceptible to this disease. The main causes of bronchial asthma in children include allergies, bad weather conditions, genetic factors or certain material stimulation, etc. So how should this disease be treated?

1. Inhalation administration

Inhaled glucocorticoids are the drug of choice for long-term control of asthma. Their advantage is that the drug acts directly on the airway membranes through inhalation, has a strong local anti-inflammatory effect, and has few systemic adverse reactions. Long-term, regulated inhalation is usually required to have a preventive effect. In the event of an acute asthma attack, inhaled β2 receptor agonists should be used first, followed by inhaled corticosteroids. For children with seasonal asthma attacks, continuous, regular inhalation of corticosteroids can be started 2-4 weeks before the expected attack. The maintenance dose of inhaled corticosteroids for children is 200-400 μg per day. Local adverse reactions include hoarseness, pharyngeal discomfort and oral Candida infection, which can be reduced by gargling with water, using a spacer or choosing a powder inhaler.

2. Oral administration

During acute attacks, the condition is more serious and is treated with inhaled high-dose hormones and short-term oral prednisone for 1-7 days, 1-2 mg/kg per day (total amount not exceeding 40 mg), divided into 2-3 times. For glucocorticoid-dependent asthma, the drug can be taken once every other morning. However, long-term oral use of prednisone or dexamethasone can have adverse reactions, especially for children who are undergoing growth and development, so long-term use should be avoided as much as possible.

3. Intravenous administration

For children with severe (critical) asthma attacks, intravenous medication should be given as soon as possible. Commonly used drugs include methylprednisolone 1-2 mg/kg, or hydrocortisone succinate 5-10 mg/kg, 2-3 times a day. They are usually used for a short period of time and stopped within 2-5 days. If systemic glucocorticoids are used continuously for more than 10 days, it is not advisable to stop the medication abruptly. The dosage should be reduced to avoid recurrence.