What to do if your baby has congenital anemia

Children's anemia is generally caused by congenital factors. Many symptoms will appear on the face of children with congenital anemia. The most serious is that the child will suddenly faint, not like to eat, and the skin is particularly pale. If the child's skin is white at this time, many people think that the child's skin is naturally white. In fact, this is related to anemia. So what should children do if they have congenital anemia?

Congenital aplastic anemia[1] is occasionally seen in siblings, suggesting that congenital aplastic anemia is a hereditary disease. Less than 10% of patients have a family history, and the majority of the rest are sporadic. One third of patients have autosomal dominant inheritance, and the rest have recessive inheritance. Linkage analysis revealed that there are at least three genetic loci for DBA, two of which have been identified, namely 19q13.2 and 8p23.3-p22. The related pathogenic gene has been cloned in the 19q13.2 region, which is the ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) gene. Sequence analysis found that approximately 25% of DBA patients had RPS19 mutations.

complication

1. Patients with congenital pure red cell aplasia are prone to multiple malignant tumors. There are more than 480 cases of congenital pure red cell aplasia reported in the literature, of which 12 developed malignant tumors 2 to 43 years after diagnosis, including 6 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 1 case of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 2 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD), 2 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 1 case of hepatocellular carcinoma.

2. Long-term use of hormone therapy may be accompanied by developmental disorders and secondary infections.

3. Progression of the disease may lead to heart failure. Excessive blood transfusions in the late stage may lead to hemochromatosis or cardiac cirrhosis.

Prognosis

Different inheritance patterns, variable clinical manifestations and different in vitro biological responses suggest that congenital aplastic anemia may be a group of heterogeneous diseases caused by different etiologies. The patient's survival period and quality of life depend on their clinical response to treatment. In order to seek more effective treatment methods (such as gene therapy), further in-depth research should be conducted on the molecular biological pathological mechanisms of congenital aplastic anemia.

treat

Proper use of iron supplements

Iron supplements are an effective drug for treating iron deficiency anemia, but improper use will affect efficacy and delay treatment. Therefore, when using iron supplements, you must pay attention to the following points:

First, choose iron supplements according to the severity of the disease

1. For patients with mild anemia, ferrous sulfate is used. However, if the patient also suffers from digestive tract diseases or is a pregnant woman with severe reactions, ferrous sulfate should not be used. Instead, dextran iron should be used because ferrous sulfate is more irritating to the gastrointestinal tract.

2. For patients with severe anemia, the use of dextran iron can quickly relieve the iron deficiency required for hematopoiesis and prevent complications such as heart disease.

3. For infants and young children with anemia, it is advisable to use ammonium ferric citrate syrup.

Second, master the effective medication time

Iron is mainly absorbed in the duodenum. Since food can slow down gastrointestinal motility and prolong the residence time of iron supplements in the duodenal segment, it is best to take iron supplements 30 minutes after a meal. This not only increases iron absorption, but also greatly reduces the irritation of iron to the gastrointestinal tract. 30 minutes after a meal, gastric acid secretion is vigorous, which is beneficial to the absorption of iron. In recent years, chronopharmacokinetic studies have found that the absorption rate of iron supplements taken at 7 pm is 100% higher than that taken at 7 am, so 7 pm every day is the best time to take iron supplements.

Third, matters needing attention

1. While taking iron supplements, you should eat more fructose, fruits, fruit juices and various acidic foods to promote iron absorption.

2. You can take vitamin C and dilute hydrochloric acid at the same time in regular doses to help absorb iron.

3. When taking iron supplements, it is forbidden to use rutin, tetracyclines, neomycin, allopurinol, chloramphenicol, meglumine, cholestyramine, cimetidine, penicillamine, vitamin E, hydralazine, aspirin, compound danshen tablets, pancreatic enzyme preparations, oral contraceptives, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, furanitrile, proglumide and acid-resistant Chinese herbal medicines containing calcium and magnesium ions.

4. Avoid drinking tea, because tea contains tannic acid that can combine with iron and affect the absorption of iron.

5. Children should obtain permission from a doctor before taking iron supplements.

When treating a child with congenital anemia, you must follow the above methods to adjust the child in time and let the child eat more blood-enriching foods. There are many blood-enriching foods in life, such as wolfberry, red dates, and brown sugar. These foods will help children improve anemia. When treating anemia in children, you must also strengthen the child's physical fitness, so that the child's anemia will be cured step by step.