The child fell and hit his head on the ground and got a bump

Children are very likely to fall while playing. Every time they fall, their heads will hit the ground and a bump will appear. In this case, parents will become very worried, always afraid that their children will be physically affected as a result. At this time, they must go to the hospital for debridement in time to avoid bacterial infection on the child's wound.

(1) Scalp abrasions and contusions: Clean and disinfect the wound, no special treatment is required.

(2) Scalp laceration: The wound is cleaned and then sutured and bandaged once.

(3) Scalp hematoma: Subcutaneous hematoma does not require special treatment. Early pressure bandage is applied to subgaleal and subperiosteal hematomas. If the hematoma still shows no signs of spontaneous absorption 5 to 7 days after the injury, it should be aspirated by puncture under sterile conditions and then bandaged with pressure.

(4) Avulsion: For partial avulsion with blood supply to the pedicle, the wound is cleaned and repositioned before suturing. For complete scalp avulsion with mild contamination, microsurgery is performed to anastomose the blood vessels and replant the scalp. When blood vessels cannot be anastomosed, the avulsed scalp can be made into a medium-thickness skin graft and reimplanted onto the exposed periosteum or fascia. If the wound is severely contaminated, it can be cleaned and bandaged first, and then skin grafting can be performed after granulation tissue forms on the wound. If the periosteum is also torn off, holes can be drilled into the exposed skull to the plate barrier or the outer plate of the skull can be removed, and skin grafting can be performed after granulation tissue is formed.

1. Scalp infection Acute scalp infection is mostly caused by improper initial treatment after injury. It often occurs in the subcutaneous tissue, with local redness, swelling, heat, and pain. The lymph nodes in front of the ear, behind the ear, or under the occipital are swollen and tender. Since the scalp is connected to the galea aponeurotica by fibrous septa, the tension of the inflamed area is relatively high. Patients often have unbearable pain and are accompanied by symptoms of poisoning such as chills and fever. In severe cases, the infection can invade the skull or intracranial space through the conducting blood vessels.

2. The principle of treatment is to give antibacterial drugs and local hot compresses in the early stage. When abscesses are formed in the later stage, incision and drainage should be performed, and systemic anti-infection treatment should be continued for 1 to 2 weeks.

3. Subgaleal abscess The tissue under the galeal aponeurosis is loose, and the purulent infection can easily spread, but it is often limited to the attachment edge of the galeal aponeurosis. Abscesses arise from post-injury scalp hematoma infection or skull osteomyelitis, and can occasionally be caused by scalp infusion or puncture in children. Patients with subgaleal abscess often experience scalp swelling, pain, and eyelid edema, and in severe cases, may also suffer from systemic toxic reactions. In addition to the use of antibiotics, the treatment of subgaleal abscess should include timely incision and drainage.