What to do if abo hemolysis occurs in newborns

What to do if neonatal ABO hemolytic disease occurs? I believe many people are not very familiar with this term. Neonatal ABO hemolytic disease means that the blood types of the mother and the newborn baby are different. In fact, this kind of disease rarely occurs, but it often causes jaundice in babies, posing a great risk to their health. With the rapid development of science, there are already many treatments for such diseases. So in daily life, what are the methods for treating neonatal ABO hemolytic disease?

Treatment is selected according to the severity of the disease, with the main purpose of preventing bilirubin encephalopathy. Most patients can be treated with phototherapy. However, some patients with severe conditions, whose bilirubin increases too quickly or is >340μmol/L, also require blood transfusion therapy. Patients with obvious anemia may receive blood transfusion as appropriate.

1. Prenatal treatment The purpose of prenatal treatment is to correct anemia and alleviate the condition. If necessary, the following measures may be taken:

(1) Treatment for pregnant women: including comprehensive treatment, intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin and plasma exchange.

(2) Fetal treatment:

2. Intrapartum treatment of hemolytic disease: Newborns are prone to suffocation during birth due to excessive destruction of red blood cells. Emergency preparations should be made during delivery to prevent suffocation. The umbilical cord should be clamped immediately after the fetus is delivered to prevent too much umbilical cord blood from flowing into the fetus. When cutting the umbilical cord, retain 5 to 6 cm of the stump, treat it aseptically and keep it moist in preparation for blood transfusion. Collect 3-5 ml of umbilical cord blood for routine blood test, blood type, blood type antibody and bilirubin determination.

3. Neonatal treatment

(1) Correct anemia and heart failure: administer oxygen immediately, use furosemide (Lasix) and scutellaria baicalensis to control heart failure, perform paracentesis to drain ascites, and perform blood transfusion as soon as the patient's condition stabilizes.

(2) Intravenous infusion of human immunoglobulin (IVIG): Once ABO incompatibility hemolytic disease is confirmed after birth, intravenous infusion of human immunoglobulin (IVIG) can be given at 500 mg/kg within 2 hours, or 800 mg/kg once a day for 3 consecutive days. Because IgG can block Fc receptors, inhibit the hemolysis process, reduce bilirubin production, and reduce exchange transfusions.

(3) Phototherapy: For children with jaundice and high bilirubin levels, measures should be taken to lower serum bilirubin to avoid the occurrence of bilirubin encephalopathy. The main methods include phototherapy, drug therapy, exchange blood transfusion, etc.

(4) Drug therapy: Drug therapy has a slow onset of effect and poor efficacy and can only be used as an auxiliary treatment.

(5) Exchange transfusion therapy: The purpose of exchange transfusion therapy is to remove antibodies and reduce hemolysis; reduce serum bilirubin and prevent the occurrence of bilirubin encephalopathy; correct anemia and edema and prevent heart failure.

The above is the method for treating neonatal ABO hemolytic disease. I hope that this introduction can be of some help to everyone. From the above explanation, we can find that such a disease can actually be avoided. Therefore, mothers are required to develop a good habit of regular check-ups during pregnancy so that they can detect the disease early and achieve early detection and early treatment in the best time. At the same time, we also hope that all babies can grow up healthily.