What causes nose bleeding in children?

If a child's nose bleeds, parents should pay special attention. This may be because the child is getting angry or has other nasal diseases. No matter what the situation is, it should be taken seriously and not be taken lightly. If it is diagnosed as acute sinusitis, it is very critical and you should go to the hospital for relevant examinations and treatment in time. After all, this disease will recur after treatment.

(2) Nasal septum deviation often occurs near the bony ridge or spine (rectiform process) or on the convex surface of the deviated nasal septum. The mucosa in this area is thinner and the direction of air flow changes here, so the mucosa becomes dry, causing blood vessels to rupture and bleed. Patients with nasal septum perforation may suffer from recurrent nosebleeds due to dryness, erosion, and shedding of the mucosa at the edge of the perforation.

(3) Nasal inflammation ① Non-specific inflammation of the nose Acute sinusitis, dry rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis, etc. are prone to cause nose bleeding, but the amount of bleeding is generally not much. ② Specific infections of the nose such as tuberculosis, lupus, syphilis, leprosy and diphtheria can cause nose bleeding due to mucosal erosion, ulcers, granulation tissue and nasal septum perforation.

(4) Tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. The most likely to cause nosebleeds are septal hemangioma, nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, hemorrhagic nasal polyps and malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Minor nose bleeding or blood in the mucus is one of the main early symptoms of malignant tumors.

(5) Foreign bodies in the nasal cavity are common in children, and most cases are unilateral nosebleeds. Because foreign bodies remain in the nasal cavity for a long time, they can cause erosion and bleeding of the nasal mucosa. Animal foreign bodies in the nasal cavity, such as leeches, can cause repeated heavy nosebleeds.

2. Systemic causes

(1) Bleeding diseases and blood diseases ① Diseases with structural and functional defects in the vascular wall such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, vitamin C deficiency, allergic purpura, drug-induced vascular purpura, infectious vascular purpura, von Willebrand disease, etc. ② Diseases with platelet quantity or function disorders such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, secondary thrombocytopenia caused by various reasons, etc. ③Coagulation factor disorders such as various types of hemophilia, vitamin K deficiency, etc. ④ The blood's own anticoagulant effect is too strong, such as improper use of anticoagulants, the presence of anticoagulant substances such as antifibrinogen in the blood circulation, or excessive or accelerated fibrinolysis, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation.

(2) Acute febrile infectious diseases such as influenza, hemorrhagic fever, scarlet fever, malaria, measles and typhoid. It is mostly caused by high fever, toxic damage to blood vessels, congestion, swelling and dryness of the nasal mucosa, resulting in rupture and bleeding of capillaries. Generally, the amount of bleeding is small, mostly occurs during the fever period, and the bleeding site is mostly located in the front of the nasal cavity.