What disease causes black spots on the white of a child’s eyes?

As we all know, the eyeball is made up of black and white. Of course, some people's pupils are orange, while others are black. This is normal. Apart from the pupil, the other color is white, which is called the white of the eye. Some children's whites of the eyes seem to be a little abnormal. Many parents said that there are black spots on the whites of their children's eyes. What kind of disease is this?

Melanoma characteristics

It may appear flat, raised, warty, granular, or other shapes and may be brown, black, or blue in color. There are two types of melanocytic nevi: congenital and acquired.

Congenital moles are mostly present at birth or in the neonatal period, while acquired moles may appear after six months of age until old age.

Acquired moles are usually 0.1 to 0.6 cm in size and can be pathologically divided into three types: junctional nevus (nevus cells are confined to the junction of the epidermis and dermis, which is an intraepidermal nevus), compound nevus (nevus cells are not only distributed in the epidermis, but also go down to the dermis), and intradermal nevus (nevus cells are completely located in the dermis). The clinical appearance of a mole is also related to its pathological classification. Junctional nevi appear as flat brown to black spots that do not protrude from the skin surface. Compound nevi usually appear as brown raised papules or nodules. Intradermal nevi are larger and more raised, appearing as light brown or flesh-colored nodules, which are generally called "flesh nevi".

Classification of melanocytic nevus

Congenital melanocytic nevus can be found in 1% to 2% of newborns, but the incidence of giant congenital melanocytic nevus is less than one in 20,000 (foreign statistics). Clinically, melanocytic nevi can be divided into three types according to their size:

Small melanocytic nevi: less than two centimeters in size, preferably distributed on the lower body, upper back, shoulders, chest and proximal limbs.

Intermediate melanocytic nevus: The size ranges from 2 to 20 cm.

Giant melanocytic nevus: It is larger than 20 cm in size and is mainly distributed on the back half of the trunk. Some people may have it on the head or limbs. It may cover large areas of skin on the body. They are usually dark in color and lightly covered with hair, with satellite lesions scattered around the main mass.

Most congenital giant melanocytic nevi are benign, but congenital giant melanocytic nevi are usually more complicated than acquired giant melanocytic nevi. According to its growth pattern, it can be divided into three types:

Compound or intradermal nervus: most common.

Neural nervus: A neural tube or neuroma may be present in the structure, which may look very similar to a neurofibroma.

Blue nervus: the least common.

Melanoma must be clinically distinguished from melanoma, which is the type of skin cancer with the highest mortality rate, accounting for about two-thirds of all skin cancer deaths. According to Western statistics, approximately 20% to 50% of melanomas are related to moles. Therefore, it is very important to distinguish whether a mole is complicated by melanoma. Generally, they are distinguished according to ABCDE. A stands for Asymmetry, which means the lesion is asymmetrical up and down or left and right (imagine that the lesion can be folded up and down or left and right like origami); B stands for Border Irregularity, which means the edge does not form an arc shape but has jagged notches; C stands for Color Variability, with some parts having dark pigmentation and some parts having light pigmentation; D stands for Diameter>6mm, which means the diameter of the lesion is greater than 0.6 centimeters; E stands for Elevation or Enlargement, which means the surface becomes raised or the size of the lesion increases. Any lesion that is medically suspected of being malignant must undergo biopsy and pathological examination. Fortunately, melanoma and moles are much less common in Asians than in Caucasians.