What is the cause of red spots on children's bodies?

Parents should pay attention when red spots appear on their children's bodies. A common cause is roseola and roseola, which are acute infectious diseases caused by viruses. Young children are also prone to symptoms such as high fever, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.

1. Etiology and epidemiology:

The pathogen is human herpes virus type 6, the virus particles are spherical with a diameter of 200nm. Its nucleocapsid is a three-dimensional symmetrical icosahedron composed of 163 shell particles, with a core composed of double-stranded DNA inside and a lipoprotein envelope outside the nucleocapsid. Asymptomatic adult patients are the source of infection for this disease, which is transmitted through respiratory droplets. The fetus can obtain antibodies from the mother through the placenta. The antibody positivity rate is 25% at 4 months after birth, 76% at 11 months, 90% at 5 years old, and 98% at 17 years old. This disease is more common in children aged 6 to 18 months, and is rare after 3 years old. It occurs more frequently in the spring and autumn rainy seasons, with no gender difference.

2. Clinical manifestations:

The incubation period of this disease is 7 to 17 days, with an average of about 10 days. The onset is acute, with a fever of 39-40 degrees. Convulsions may occur in the early stages of high fever. The patient may have mild runny nose, cough, and swollen eyelids. Conjunctivitis, during the fever period, there are symptoms such as poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, mild diarrhea or constipation, mild congestion in the pharynx, swollen lymph nodes in the occipital region, neck and behind the ears, the body temperature persists for 3-5 days and then suddenly subsides. When the fever subsides, light red macules or maculopapules of varying sizes appear, which fade when pressed. It starts on the trunk and quickly spreads to the whole body, with more cases on the waist and buttocks. The rash subsides in 1-2 days without pigmentation or desquamation. The enlarged lymph nodes disappear later, but there is no tenderness. During the course of the disease, the number of peripheral blood white blood cells decreases, and the lymphocyte classification count can reach 70%-90%.

3. Diagnostic basis: The diagnosis is mainly based on clinical characteristics, age of onset and season of onset, including the following points:

1. Sudden onset of high fever, while other clinical symptoms are mild.

2. The lymph nodes in the neck, occipital area and behind the ears are swollen and tender.

3. Peripheral blood leukocytopenia, high lymphocyte differential count.

4. The age of onset is within 2 years.