Urine routine examination in children

Not only adults need to do routine urine tests, but children also need to do routine urine tests. Children's routine urine tests usually identify the color of urine, as well as various patterns such as protein, blood cells and epithelial cells in the urine. Whether they are within the normal range, cell examinations and urine sugar tests are also required. These can all show whether the child's urine is healthy and whether there are any problems with the kidneys.

What are the items in urine routine test?

Urinalysis content

Urinalysis examination includes urine color, transparency, pH, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, casts, protein, specific gravity and qualitative urine sugar.

1. Urine color check: During a routine urine test, the first thing to do is to observe whether the color of the urine is normal. Normal urine is straw yellow, and abnormal urine color may change due to factors such as food, medicine, pigments, and blood.

2. Urine transparency check: If the urine transparency is normal, it is mostly clear and transparent. If the urine is left for too long, the acidity and alkalinity of the urine will change, and the mucus protein, nucleoprotein, etc. in the urine will gradually precipitate, resulting in slight turbidity.

3. Acidity and alkalinity: In a routine urine test, normal urine should be slightly acidic. It may also be neutral or slightly alkaline due to the type of diet, medications taken, and type of disease.

4. Cell examination: Red blood cells, a few white blood cells and small round epithelial cells may occasionally be found in normal human urine. If there are a large number of red blood cells, a large number of white blood cells and many small round epithelial cells in the urine, these are signs of reproductive infection diseases.

5. Cast examination: There are no casts in normal urine, or occasionally a few transparent casts are seen, and it only contains very small amounts of albumin.

6. Protein test: Normal people excrete a relatively small amount of protein every day, and the regular qualitative test in urine examination is usually negative.

7. Specific gravity test: Urine specific gravity is affected by age, water intake and sweating. The level of urine specific gravity can reveal certain information about reproductive infections.

8. Qualitative test for urine sugar: There are trace amounts of glucose in normal urine, and the qualitative test is negative. Positive urine sugar may indicate a certain disease.

Urinalysis precautions

The first thing to note in a routine urine test is that fresh morning urine should be used as a urine sample. Because people drink less water at night, the various components excreted into the urine by the kidneys are stored in the bladder and concentrated, making them easy to detect, thereby increasing the positive detection rate. Other randomly collected urine samples are also acceptable, but midstream urine should be collected as much as possible.

Urinalysis precautions:

1. During the routine urine test, collect no less than 10 ml of urine.

2. Women are generally required to avoid collecting urine samples during their menstrual period to prevent vaginal secretions from mixing into the urine and affecting the test results.