There are small white spots on the nose of the newborn

The skin of a newborn baby is very fragile because they have not been exposed to the outside world while in their mother's womb. Their contact with the outside world is mainly through some of the pregnant mother's actions. So when the baby is just born, his skin usually turns red when touched. Not only that, some mothers will find that there are many small white spots on their baby's nose. Mothers who don't know the truth will be very worried about whether their baby has any disease. So why do newborn babies have small white spots on their noses?

The neonatal period is also a critical period for the development of the central nervous system. A balanced and rich supply of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids is needed to provide appropriate nutrition and information stimulation so that the brain can achieve optimal development. In addition, the younger the baby is, the faster it grows and the more protein it needs, but the newborn's stomach capacity is small and its digestive function is immature, which means that the baby's protein intake must be sufficient in quantity and of good quality, preferably easily digestible whey protein.

The daily nutritional requirements of newborns are as follows:

1. Protein: Full-term infants need about 2 to 3 grams per kilogram of body weight per day.

2. Fat: The total daily requirement is 9 to 17 grams per 100 calories. Unsaturated fatty acids account for 51% of breast milk, of which 75% can be absorbed, while unsaturated fatty acids account for only 34% of cow's milk. Linolenic acid and arachidonic acid are essential fatty acids. Deficiency of linolenic acid can cause skin rashes and growth retardation, while arachidonic acid is used to synthesize prostaglandins.

3. Amino acids: The 9 essential amino acids are: lysine, arginine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and tryptophan. Newborns must get enough of these 9 amino acids every day.

4. Heat energy: In the first week after birth, a full-term baby needs about 250 to 335 kilojoules per kilogram of body weight per day. In the second week after birth, a full-term baby needs about 335 to 420 kilojoules per kilogram of body weight per day. In the third week and beyond after birth, a full-term baby needs about 420 to 500 kilojoules per kilogram of body weight per day.

5. Sugar: Full-term infants need 17 to 34 grams of sugar per 100 calories per day. All the sugar in breast milk is lactose, while lactose accounts for about half of the sugar in cow's milk.

Sodium: Table salt is sodium chloride, which provides the sodium necessary for the human body. Mothers should not eat too salty food while breastfeeding, but that does not mean they do not need sodium at all. It is wrong for a nursing mother not to eat any salt during the confinement period, as newborns also need salt.

Potassium: The potassium in dairy products can meet the needs of newborns. Chlorine: Chlorine is absorbed along with sodium and potassium. Calcium and phosphorus: 50% to 70% of the calcium in breast milk is absorbed in the intestines of newborns; the absorption rate of cow's milk calcium is only 20%. Therefore, breastfeeding does not easily lead to calcium deficiency, but cow's milk feeding does. Phosphorus is better absorbed and less likely to be deficient.

Magnesium: Magnesium deficiency affects calcium balance.

Iron: The iron content in both breast milk and cow's milk is not high, and the iron in cow's milk is not easily absorbed, so babies who are fed cow's milk are more likely to be iron deficient.

Zinc: Zinc deficiency is rare in the neonatal period and generally no additional supplementation is required. Hair zinc cannot represent the blood zinc situation at that time. Therefore, do not use hair zinc to measure the blood zinc situation at the time. Low hair zinc does not mean low blood zinc. Blood zinc should be used as the standard.

7. Vitamins: Newborns born from healthy pregnant women rarely lack vitamins, so no additional supplements are needed. If the expectant mother's vitamin intake during pregnancy is severely insufficient, the placenta may be dysfunctional and the baby may be born prematurely, and the newborn may be deficient in vitamins D, C, E and folic acid.

Vitamin D: Although newborns store a certain amount of vitamin D at birth, they cannot receive enough sunlight outdoors and cannot take it in through food, so vitamin D deficiency may cause infantile tetany and early childhood rickets. Vitamin D supplementation should be started from half a month after birth, 400 international units per day.

Vitamin E: Premature babies need to supplement, 30 mg per day. Excessive vitamin A: When supplementing vitamin D, some people choose cod liver oil preparations, namely vitamin AD preparations. If the ratio is not appropriate, vitamin A overdose or even poisoning may occur.