What's wrong with children with ADHD?

ADHD is currently a disease that is difficult to treat. If many patients cannot be cured, their future growth and development will be affected. More serious cases may face genetic risks. Therefore, we need to carefully understand some factors related to ADHD. Usually, factors that cause ADHD include genetic factors. The general probability of genetic factors may be around 0.7%. There are also physiological factors and mild brain damage, which may also be causes of ADHD.

Genetic factors

Current studies have shown that this disorder is related to genetic factors, with a heritability of 0.75-0.91. The mode of inheritance is still unclear and may be multi-gene inheritance. Molecular genetic studies have shown that the disorder is associated with polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor gene.

Neurophysiological factors

Children with this disorder have a high rate of EEG abnormalities, with the main normal being slow-wave activity. Adding EEG power spectrum analysis registration found that the slow wave power increased, the alpha wave power decreased, and the average frequency decreased. This suggests that children with this disorder have delayed central nervous system maturation or insufficient awakening of the cerebral cortex.

Mild brain injury

Mild brain damage caused by various causes during pregnancy, perinatal period and after birth may be the main cause of the disorder in some children, but there is no guarantee that one type of brain damage exists in all children with the disorder, nor does it mean that all children with such damage will suffer from the disorder. Moreover, many children who have been in accidents do not have evidence of mild brain damage.

Neurochemical factors

Studies have shown that this disorder may be related to central neurotransmitter metabolic disorders and dysfunctions, including: reduced dopamine and adrenaline turnover rates, dopamine and norepinephrine dysfunction, etc.

Neuroanatomical factors

Magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported that children with this disorder have a reduction in the volume of the corpus callosum and caudate nucleus, and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have also reported that children with this disorder have reduced metabolism in the caudate nucleus, frontal region, and anterior cingulate gyrus.