Parents should pay attention to the causes of amblyopia in children

Nowadays, more and more children have vision problems, the most common of which is amblyopia. Common symptoms include visual impairment, and the vision cannot reach normal levels even after timely correction. Amblyopia in children can be caused by organic lesions, functional amblyopia, and binocular myopia.

1. Reasons

Amblyopia caused by organic lesions (30%)

It is due to incomplete development of the retina, optic nerve and even the cerebral cortex. It may also be due to birth injuries or retinal hemorrhage caused by other reasons. The visual development is affected and causes amblyopia. This type of amblyopia takes a long time to treat.

Functional amblyopia (35%):

It is caused by eye lesions after birth. If treated promptly, most people can almost restore normal vision.

Functional amblyopia can be clinically divided into: 1. Strabismus amblyopia; 2. Anisometropic amblyopia; 3. Form deprivation amblyopia; 4. Special types of amblyopia: including refractive amblyopia, occlusion amblyopia, and congenital amblyopia.

Refractive amblyopia (35%):

Because both eyes have high myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, which are not correctly corrected in childhood, the image in the macular area is blurred for a long time, which leads to amblyopia over time.

2. Common symptoms

Visual impairment: often foggy and blurry vision

1. Visual acuity is lower than normal. Not only is the naked eye visual acuity low, but the corrected visual acuity is also lower than normal and meets the diagnostic criteria for amblyopia.

2. Visual "crowding phenomenon", that is, the amblyopic eye's ability to recognize individual visual letters is significantly higher than its ability to recognize letters in rows. For example, if the child is shown the letter E in a row of 0.3 letters, the amblyopic eye can easily identify it. However, once the letters E are displayed in a row, the amblyopic eye will find it difficult to distinguish the direction of the opening.

3. The contrast sensitivity of the amblyopic eye is reduced.

4. There are electrophysiological changes in the amblyopic eye, with the latency of the P100 wave of the visual evoked potential being prolonged and the amplitude being reduced.

5. Abnormal nature of gaze. When a normal person looks at a target, the image falls on the fovea of ​​both eyes, forming a clear vision. Among amblyopic patients, some do not fixate on the fovea. Examination with a projection mirror can reveal parafoveal fixation, macular fixation and peripheral fixation. The further the focus point deviates from the fovea, the lower the vision and the more difficult it is to treat.