How to diagnose amblyopia in children?

Amblyopia and myopia have become one of the problems encountered by many children, and more and more children in middle schools and even elementary schools are wearing glasses. Many parents have gradually realized that protecting their children's eyesight has become something that cannot be ignored. Myopia is generally easier to diagnose, but how do you diagnose amblyopia? How do you know that your child has amblyopia? What method is used to diagnose amblyopia in children?

1. Vision test. It is crucial to detect a child's vision as early as possible.

2. Check the refractive status. Apply 1% atropine eye ointment to the conjunctival sac 3 times a day, dilate the pupil for 3 days, and perform retinal retinoscopy after 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, determine the refractive state that needs to be corrected. The refractive power of infants and young children can be preliminarily judged and predicted by the refractive power used by the ophthalmoscope during fundus examination.

3. Check eye position. The presence of strabismus and the angle of perceived strabismus and the angle of perceived strabismus by others can be determined through corneal reflection method, cover test, prism, Maddox rod, synoptophore, etc.

4. Prism examination.

5. Slit lamp and funduscopy examination. In addition to using slit lamp and funduscopy to rule out organic eye diseases, children with amblyopia can also use a black star target ophthalmoscope to classify the nature of their gaze into four types.

① Central focus;

② Parafoveal fixation;

③ Macular fixation;

④ peripheral gaze;

For monocular amblyopia with little difference in refractive state and no strabismus, attention should also be paid to the problem of macular ectopia. Fundus color photography under dilated pupils can be routinely performed to determine whether the position of the macula is normal.

6. Contrast sensitivity function (CSF). The CST curve of the amblyopic eye is depressed and the peak is shifted to the left.

7. Visual electrophysiological changes. PERG is manifested by a decrease in b-wave amplitude, and PVEP is manifested by a decrease in amplitude and a prolonged latency. In clinical practice, multi-channel VEP and multifocal VEP are also used to study the visual electrophysiological changes of different types of amblyopia.

The above are some examination and diagnosis methods for whether children have amblyopia. With so many advanced methods, careful examinations can be carried out, making it easy to determine whether a child has amblyopia. The earlier this examination is done, the better. If the child has symptoms of amblyopia, adjustments and treatment can be made as early as possible. Earlier treatment will have better results.