What to do for a child's knee pain

Knee pain in children is not a normal phenomenon, because many joint diseases or other types of diseases can cause this problem. If a child has knee pain for a long time, it will have a great impact on his or her development. Therefore, after a child has knee pain, parents must take the child for examination in time. So, what examinations should be done for children with knee pain?

1. Knee joint force line - standing position

Stand on the ground without shoes, keep your ankle and knee as close together as possible, and understand the axis of the knee joint.

The anatomical axis (FTA) of a normal knee joint has a valgus angle of 5°-7°, and the mechanical axis is 0°, that is, the center of the femoral head, the center of the knee joint, and the center of the ankle joint are in a straight line. During a general physical examination, the main focus is on gaining a general understanding of the mechanical axis of the knee joint. Under normal circumstances, the knee joints can be brought together and there should be a 4-6cm distance between the ankles. If the knees cannot come together, it means knee varus. If the ankles are too far apart, it means knee valgus. The angle of valgus and valgus is estimated by visual inspection.

2. Patella-related examination - supine position

The patella is both a fulcrum for stress transmission of the quadriceps and a "buoy" in front of the knee joint. Patella-related examinations mainly involve the patellofemoral joint, medial synovial plica, and joint effusion.

3. Tenderness around the knee - supine position

Tenderness points around the knee are the most reliable basis for determining the specific cause of knee pain. The intra-articular and extra-articular factors can be preliminarily identified based on the tenderness points.

Tenderness on the lateral side of the knee joint: At the fibular head - biceps femoris insertion inflammation, caused by long-term biceps femoris tension activity, the pain can radiate to the anterior and lateral side of the upper and middle part of the calf, and can be further diagnosed by combining with the knee flexion resistance test, and hamstring stretching is effective; The running part of the lateral collateral ligament - lateral collateral ligament injury; The lateral epicondyle of femur - iliotibial band inflammation, caused by iliotibial band contracture or repeated stimulation of the iliotibial band at the lateral epicondyle of femur, can be further diagnosed by performing the iliotibial band stretching test, and iliotibial band stretching is effective; The lateral epicondyle of femur - popliteal tendon insertion inflammation, the tenderness point is at the front edge of the lateral collateral ligament insertion point, and the internal rotation resistance test in the flexed knee position is positive. It can be caused by trauma, strain or iliotibial band stimulation. Some people call it lateral knee pain syndrome together with iliotibial band inflammation.

Tender points on the anterior side of the knee joint: Upper edge of the patella - quadriceps insertion disease, caused by long-term high-intensity and tense activity of the quadriceps, 90° knee extension resistance test is positive; patellar tip and patellar ligament - patellar apex inflammation and patellar tendinitis, positive knee extension resistance test; tibial tubercle - tibial tubercle osteochondritis; medial edge of the patella - patellar subluxation or habitual patellar dislocation; medial side of the patella - medial synovial plica syndrome; both sides of the patella to the medial and lateral tibial condyles - extensor fasciitis, positive knee extension resistance test. Both sides of the patellar ligament - infrapatellar fat pad inflammation.