What are the expectorants for children?

Coughing with a lot of phlegm is a problem of the respiratory system. Phlegm is produced because the respiratory mucosa is irritated. Children will cough constantly during a cold because it is inconvenient to spit. Parents should pay attention to this situation. First of all, when giving children medicine, they should not use it casually. They should use it according to the child's age and physical condition.

Phlegm is a product of respiratory inflammation, which can irritate the respiratory mucosa and cause coughing, and may aggravate the infection. Expectorants can thin phlegm or liquefy sticky phlegm to make it easier to cough up.

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Expectorants can be divided into three categories according to their mode of action: ① Nausea and irritation expectorants: such as ammonium chloride and guaifenesin, which are nausea expectorants. After oral administration, they can irritate the gastric mucosa, causing mild nausea, and reflexively promote the increase in secretion of respiratory glands, thereby diluting sticky sputum and making it easier to cough up; irritant expectorants are some volatile substances, such as eucalyptus oil and tincture of benzoin, which are added to boiling water. The evaporation of their vapor can also irritate the respiratory mucosa, increase secretion, and dilute sputum to make it easier to cough up; ② Sputum dissolving agents: such as acetylcysteine, which can decompose the viscous components in sputum, liquefy sputum, reduce viscosity and make it easier to cough up; ③ Mucus regulators: such as bromhexine hydrochloride and carbocysteine, which act on the mucus-producing cells of the trachea and bronchi, reduce the viscosity of secretions, and make sputum thinner and easier to cough up.

Common medicines

Ammonium chloride

[Drug name] Ammonium chloride

[Other names] Erbium chloride

[Indications] Oral administration of this product causes chemical stimulation to the gastric mucosa, reflexively increases the secretion of respiratory glands through the vagus nerve, and makes sticky phlegm thinner and easier to cough up. Suitable for people with dry cough and sticky phlegm that is difficult to cough up.

[Indications for caution] Use with caution in patients with renal insufficiency to prevent hyperchloremic acidosis.

[Contraindications] Contraindicated in patients with liver dysfunction.

[Drug Interactions] This product is incompatible with chlortetracycline, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, sulfadiazine, and warfarin.

[Dosage form] Tablet: 0.3 g; Solution: 10%

[Usage and Dosage] Oral administration. 0.3～0.6g/time, 3 times/day.

Adverse reactions: Oral administration may cause gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting.

Precautions: Overdose can cause hyperchloremic acidosis, hypokalemia and hyponatremia.

[Drug name] Glyceryl Guaicolate

[Other names] Guaifenesin, guaiacol glycerol ether, guaiacol glycerol

[Contraindications] It is contraindicated for patients with acute gastroenteritis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and nephritis.

〖Dosage form〗Syrup. Each 100ml contains 1g of guaifenesin, 0.1g of carbetapentane, 20mg of chlorpheniramine and 10mg of menthol.

[Usage and Dosage] Oral, 3 to 4 times a day. Adults, 5-10 ml each time; children, 0.5-1 ml/time, 3-4 times a day.

[Observation during use] Nausea and gastrointestinal discomfort may occur occasionally.