Normal blood sodium levels in children

Many parents are not clear about the normal value of blood sodium in children, so even if their children have some health problems, they are unable to detect them in time. In fact, when their children suffer from serious dehydration and high fever, they should pay attention to it and take them for blood sodium examination. Once abnormalities are found, detailed treatment should be carried out to prevent them from suffering more serious sequelae of high fever.

Serum sodium refers to the concentration of sodium ions in serum. Sodium ion is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid (such as blood). It is important for maintaining extracellular fluid volume, regulating acid-base balance, maintaining normal osmotic pressure and cell physiological function, and is involved in maintaining normal neuromuscular excitability. Changes in the sodium concentration of extracellular fluid can be caused by changes in either the water or sodium content, so sodium balance disorders are often accompanied by water balance disorders. Normal metabolism and balance of water and sodium are important factors in maintaining a stable internal environment of the human body. Therefore, serum sodium measurement has important clinical significance, especially helpful in the treatment of dehydration.

Enzymatic analysis: 136～146mmol/L (136～146mEq/L).

Ion selective electrode method 145～155mmol/L (145～155mEq/L).

1. Increase is less common clinically and can be seen in

(1) Severe dehydration, heavy sweating, high fever, burns, and diabetic polyuria.

(2) Hyperadrenocortical hyperfunction, primary or secondary aldosteronism, cerebral hypernatremia (brain trauma, cerebrovascular accident, pituitary tumor, etc.).

(3) Excessive sodium intake due to improper diet or treatment.

2. Reduce

(1) Renal sodium loss, such as renal cortical insufficiency, severe pyelonephritis, diabetes, etc. Urinary sodium excretion increases because the renal tubules are severely damaged, the reabsorption function is reduced, and a large amount of sodium is lost in the urine.

(2) Gastrointestinal sodium loss (such as gastrointestinal drainage, pyloric obstruction, vomiting and diarrhea).

(3) Excessive use of antidiuretic hormone.

(4) Heart failure, renal failure, and excessive water intake.

(5) Hyperlipidemia: due to the high lipid content in the serum, the sodium concentration decreases.

(6) Cardiovascular diseases, such as congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction, can cause hyponatremia.

(7) Brain diseases such as encephalitis, brain trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, brain abscess, meningitis, etc., involve a series of neurohumoral factors and lead to low serum sodium. After large-area burns, trauma, skin sodium loss, and profuse sweating, a large amount of body fluid and sodium are lost from the wound, and only water is replenished while electrolyte replenishment is ignored.

Possible diseases if the result is low: hypernatremia, hyperosmotic dehydration

Possible diseases with high results: hyponatremia, adrenal crisis