What are the techniques for scalp vein puncture in children?

Scalp vein puncture is a current medical procedure, but many children do not cooperate when the puncture is performed on them, which is very distressing for doctors. Now let's ask our authoritative experts to explain to you the techniques for scalp vein puncture in children.

Pediatric scalp vein puncture is one of the difficulties in clinical nursing work. If the puncture is not successful in time, it will directly affect the rescue and treatment of children. There are three main reasons for the low success rate of one-time puncture of pediatric scalp vein: First, parents have high expectations, which increases the psychological burden of nurses for puncture; second, children do not cooperate during puncture, which is not conducive to fixation; third, the veins of some children are not clearly exposed, and the blood vessels are not filled, which increases the difficulty of puncture. In my work, I use anatomical knowledge combined with clinical experience to perform pediatric scalp vein puncture. The one-time puncture success rate can reach more than 98%, which effectively ensures the smooth rescue and treatment of children. The specific experience is as follows:

1. Selection of puncture site

1.1 The median vein originates from the venous network at the coronal suture and then converges into the median vein. It then descends vertically along the surface of the frontal bone near the midline, parallel to the vein of the same name on the opposite side, and continues to the medial angular vein at the inner end of the eyebrow. This vein is one of the larger scalp veins. It is short, thick and straight. It does not slide, is easy to fix, and is more clearly exposed.

1.2 Superficial temporal vein The superficial temporal vein originates from the venous network on the top and sides of the skull and merges into the superficial temporal vein, which is located subcutaneously in the pseudotemporal part, on the surface of the temporal fascia, slightly above the root of the zygomatic arch, in front of the external auditory meatus, and runs along with the artery of the same name. The pulsation of the superficial temporal artery can be felt, and the vein is often in front of this artery. This vein is slender, shallow, straight, non-sliding, and clearly exposed.

1.3 The posterior auricular vein is located behind the auricle. It anastomoses with the posterior branch of the mandibular vein forward and is connected to the mastoid emissary. Therefore, it is relatively fixed, slightly thick and straight, or slightly curved, and clearly visible.

2Puncture method

2.1 For veins with better exposure, rapid puncture method should be used as much as possible. Have the child's head fixed by an assistant, shave the hair at the puncture site if necessary, and after routine skin disinfection, tighten the skin with the left thumb and index finger, hold the puncture needle with the right thumb and index finger, move the needle back 0.3 cm from the clearest point of the vein, and insert it into the scalp approximately parallel to the needle. Then puncture along the vein in the centripetal direction. When the needle enters the vein, the resistance decreases, and there is a feeling of empty space and blood return, which proves that the puncture is successful. If there is a breakthrough feeling but no blood return, stop inserting the needle and gently squeeze the front end of the infusion tube. If there is blood return, it proves that the puncture is successful.

2.2 For unclearly exposed veins, use your fingertips to feel along the vein to feel the direction, depth, thickness, and sliding of the blood vessel. Then stretch the skin tight and move back 0.3 cm from the most obvious point. Insert the needle into the skin at an angle of 10-15 degrees and then slowly insert the needle parallel to the skin. A breakthrough feeling or blood return indicates that the puncture is successful.

2.3 It is somewhat difficult to puncture the branches of the scalp veins. It is advisable to choose a No. 4.5 scalp needle. If there is no blood return during routine puncture, you can gently aspirate with a syringe, or push in a small amount of liquid. If there is no local bulge and the push is unobstructed, it proves that the puncture is successful. 3 Fixed Techniques

The success of puncture only completes the initial work of rescue and treatment. The key lies in fixation and correct cooperation with parents in caring for the child. After a successful puncture, fix the adhesive plaster as usual. To prevent the adhesive plaster from loosening and the needle slipping out of the blood vessel due to restlessness and sweating during the infusion of the child, the front end of the infusion tube can be fixed on the auricle on the same side of the puncture site. Because there are no sweat glands in the auricle, it is easy to fix. Parents are advised to hold the child from the opposite side of the puncture site in a feeding posture, hold one hand of the child under the armpit, and support the other hand to prevent the child from pulling out the infusion needle. If necessary, the child's limbs can be restrained or sedatives can be used. These methods can effectively ensure the successful completion of the treatment. analyze

To improve the level of scalp puncture in children, the operator must have good psychological quality. First of all, do not be afraid of difficulties and explain to the parents the difficulty of scalp vein puncture in children. At the same time, you must have confidence in the success of the puncture, remain calm and stable, and perform the puncture in an orderly manner. The key is to be good at summarizing experience, mastering skilled skills, and mastering certain anatomical knowledge and some bone landmarks to select the puncture site in order to improve the success rate of one-time puncture.

The above is the relevant article about the techniques for scalp vein puncture in children. I hope that after reading the above article, you can have a comprehensive understanding of the techniques for scalp vein puncture in children. Remember to take good care of your children when the time comes.