Treatment for abdominal pain and vomiting in children

We know that children's organs are not yet fully developed, so their body resistance and immunity are relatively weak. If children are not careful in their daily lives, they are prone to various diseases. Therefore, parents should learn more about the prevention and treatment of common children's diseases. Below we will introduce to parents the causes of stomach pain and vomiting.

Enteritis is an inflammation of the small intestine and colitis caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. The main clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, diarrhea, loose watery stools or mucus, pus and blood in the stools. Some patients may have fever and a feeling of tenesmus, so it is also called infectious diarrhea. Enteritis is divided into two categories: acute and chronic according to the length of the disease. The course of chronic enteritis is generally more than two months. Common clinical diseases include chronic bacillary dysentery, chronic amoebic dysentery, schistosomiasis, nonspecific ulcerative colitis and localized enteritis.

1. Pathogen treatment

Viral enteritis generally does not require pathogen treatment and can heal on its own. For bacterial enteritis, it is best to select antibiotics based on the results of bacterial drug sensitivity tests. When suffering from bacillary dysentery, because Shigella dysenteriae is widely resistant to commonly used antibiotics, co-trimoxazole (cotrimoxazole), pipemidic acid, gentamicin, amikacin, etc. can generally be used. Campylobacter jejuni enteritis can be treated with erythromycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, etc. Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis is generally treated with gentamicin, kanamycin, co-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, etc. Patients with mild Salmonella enteritis may not need antibiotics, while patients with severe cases can use chloramphenicol or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Invasive Escherichia coli enteritis can be treated with neomycin, colistin and gentamicin with good results. Amoebic dysentery, enteritis caused by Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas can be treated with metronidazole (Flagyl). Schistosomiasis can be treated with praziquantel. Oral nystatin is effective in treating Candida albicans enteritis. Patients with systemic fungal infection need to be treated with amphotericin B.

2. Symptomatic treatment

Replenish fluids and correct electrolyte and acidosis. For those who are mildly dehydrated and do not vomit severely, oral rehydration can be given. The WHO-recommended oral rehydration formula is sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, glucose or sucrose, plus water. For patients with severe dehydration or vomiting, normal saline, isotonic sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride solutions, and glucose can be given intravenously.

Drugs that reduce intestinal motility and secretion. Atropine, belladonna, and propantheline can be used in small amounts to reduce intestinal motility, relieve pain, and stop diarrhea. Chlorpromazine can also be used. It has a sedative effect and can inhibit excessive secretion of intestinal mucosa caused by enterotoxins, thereby reducing the frequency and amount of bowel movements.

In the above article, we introduced a symptom that may occur in children, that is, stomach pain and vomiting. There are many reasons why children may experience stomach pain and vomiting, but the main factor is enteritis. The above article details the treatment methods for children's stomach pain and vomiting.