How to exchange blood for neonatal hemolysis

I believe many people have heard of neonatal hemolytic disease. To put it simply, it means that the blood type of the pregnant woman and the fetus do not match during pregnancy, which often causes the child to have an antigen-antibody reaction. This situation can easily lead to hemolytic disease in the child, which is quite harmful to the child and requires blood transfusion treatment. So how to perform blood transfusion for neonatal hemolytic disease? Let's learn about this aspect below.

How to exchange blood for neonatal hemolysis

1. Blood source: For Rh hemolytic disease, blood with the same Rh system type as the mother and the same ABO system type as the child should be used. O type blood can also be used in emergencies or when no blood source can be found. For ABO hemolytic disease with the mother being O type and the son being A or B type, it is best to use a mixture of AB type plasma and O type red blood cells. For patients with obvious anemia and mental failure, concentrated blood with half the plasma can be used.

2. The amount of blood exchanged: generally twice the blood volume of the child (about 150-180ml/kg), which can replace about 85% of sensitized red blood cells and 60% of bilirubin and antibodies.

3. Route: Generally, the umbilical vein or other larger veins are used for blood exchange. The umbilical artery and vein can also be used for synchronous blood exchange.

Precautions for exchange transfusion therapy for hemolytic disease of the newborn

1. Blood exchange operation is complicated and prone to complications such as infection, blood volume changes and electrolyte imbalance, so it must be performed with caution.

2. In terms of medication, the main purpose is to reduce serum unconjugated bilirubin and prevent bilirubin encephalopathy. Chinese and Western medicine can be used in combination.

3. Within 2 months after birth, severe hemolysis often leads to severe anemia. You should pay attention to recheck the red blood cells and hemoglobin. If the hemoglobin is <70g/L, a small amount of blood transfusion can be given. Mild anemia can be treated with oral iron supplements.

Because the blood types of expectant mothers and their unborn babies are incompatible, it is very easy for the children to develop hemolytic disease. Some patients have mild hemolytic disease, while some cases are more serious. Generally, it can be detected after the baby is born. If you suffer from this disease, you must seek treatment in time. Parents should not be careless. Early treatment is very good for the child's body.