What are the types of telangiectasia in children?

Telangiectasia is a common disease that can affect people of all ages, especially infants and young children. In fact, many parents don’t know that there are many types of telangiectasia, and the symptoms and treatments of different types of diseases are different. So what are the types of telangiectasia in children? What are its common symptoms?

Congenital malformation of capillaries: the capillary walls are congenitally weak and cannot contract. This disease usually occurs on the face, neck, back of the head, and scalp at birth or shortly after birth. It can be unilateral and scattered, or bilateral and multiple. Initially, there is a lesion of varying sizes on the skin or mucous membrane, light red, dark red, or purple, ranging from the size of a pinpoint to a limb or half of the trunk. After crying, the color deepens, the boundaries are clear, the shapes vary, and it does not protrude above the skin, but is higher in some areas. After compression, it partially or completely fades and the surface becomes smooth.

Spider capillary dilation: mostly occurs in normal children, pregnant women and patients with liver disease. The cause is unknown, but may be related to estrogen. The lesions resemble spiders in shape, and radial capillary dilation can be seen with the naked eye, resembling spider legs. Slightly raised, arterial pulsation can be seen after compression. The sizes vary, with the largest being 1~1.5cm in diameter. It often occurs on the face, neck, and hands, but can also occur on the upper trunk. Most patients have a single lesion, often on one side. If multiple lesions occur, it is necessary to exclude liver disease.

Hereditary hemorrhagic ectasia: an autosomal dominant disease characterized by dilation of capillaries and venules with bleeding in the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs. The cause of the disease is still unknown. The basic pathological changes are congenital capillary contraction and relaxation defects, which are manifested by thin blood vessel walls. The walls of some capillaries, arterioles and venules are composed of only a layer of endothelial cells, and are surrounded by only a layer of muscleless, inelastic connective tissue. The blood vessels cannot contract, resulting in hemangioma-like enlargement of the capillaries, arterioles and venules, and arteriovenous fistulas may occur.

What are the types of capillary dilation in young children? The three types introduced above are the most common. They may be unfamiliar to new parents, but knowing more about diseases is helpful for children, so that you can discover it in time when your child is unwell and let your child receive effective treatment in the shortest time.