What are the antibiotics for children?

There are quite a variety of antibiotics for children, but parents must be careful not to give their babies too many antibiotics. Try not to use this type of medicine unless it is absolutely necessary. They should still give them Chinese patent medicines. These medicines will not cause harm to their other organs and tissues. Antibiotics will also affect their growth and development and cause accumulation of toxins in the liver.

Antibiotics refer to a class of secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms (including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes) or higher animals and plants in the course of their lives that have anti-pathogen or other activities and are chemical substances that can interfere with the developmental functions of other living cells. The antibiotics commonly used in clinical practice include extracts from microbial culture fluids and compounds synthesized or semi-synthesized by chemical methods. There are currently more than 10,000 known natural antibiotics. The antibacterial or bactericidal effects of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents are mainly based on the mechanism that bacteria have but humans do not have.

There are four major mechanisms of action: 1. Hindering the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, causing bacteria to swell, rupture and die in a low osmotic pressure environment. Antibiotics that act in this way are mainly lactam antibiotics. Mammalian cells do not have cell walls and are not affected by these drugs. ②Interact with the bacterial cell membrane, enhance the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, open the ion channels on the membrane, and allow the useful substances inside the bacteria to leak out of the bacteria or cause electrolyte imbalance and death. Antibiotics that act in this way include polymyxin and gramicidin. ③Interact with bacterial ribosomes or their reaction substrates (such as tRNA, mRNA) to inhibit protein synthesis. Antibiotics that act in this way include tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and others.

There are many ways to produce antibiotics depending on their type. For example, penicillin is biosynthesized by microbial fermentation, while sulfonamides, quinolones, etc. can be produced by chemical synthesis. There are also semi-synthetic antibiotics, which are various derivatives made by modifying the molecular structure of antibiotics produced by biosynthesis using chemical, biological or biochemical methods.

According to the chemical structure, they can be divided into: quinolone antibiotics, β-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, aminoglycoside antibiotics, etc.; according to the use, they can be divided into antibacterial antibiotics, antifungal antibiotics, antitumor antibiotics, antiviral antibiotics, veterinary antibiotics, agricultural antibiotics and other microbial drugs (such as pharmacologically active ergotamines produced by ergot, which have the effect of contracting the uterus), etc.