What department should I go to for children's colds?

If your child has a cold, it is best to go to the pediatric department for a check-up so that you can choose the most appropriate treatment measures based on your baby's constitution. Usually, a series of routine physical examinations such as blood tests and urine tests are required. Only then can you accurately determine the real cause of your baby's condition. Sometimes you only need to take some anti-inflammatory drugs to completely cure it.

1. Blood routine test

In viral infections, the white blood cell count is usually normal or low, and the lymphocyte ratio is increased; in bacterial infections, the white blood cell count often increases, with an increase in neutrophils or a left shift in the nucleus.

2. Etiological examination

Because there are many types of viruses and identifying the type does not obviously help with treatment, there is generally no need for definitive etiological testing. If necessary, the virus type can be determined by immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, virus isolation and identification, and virus serological testing. Bacterial culture can determine the bacterial type and perform drug sensitivity tests to guide clinical drug use.

(1) The symptoms of measles upper respiratory tract infection are prodromal symptoms. About 90% of patients will have small gray-white spots (Koplik spots) on the buccal mucosa at the maxillary second molar position 2 to 3 days after the onset of the disease. There are no Koplik spots in upper respiratory tract infection.

(2) The main source of infection of hemorrhagic fever is rodents, and the epidemic is regional. There may be symptoms of headache, back pain, and orbital pain (commonly known as the three pains). Fever, bleeding, and kidney damage are the three main symptoms. Typical patients may have five stages: fever period, hypotension shock period, oliguria period, polyuria period, and recovery period. The symptoms of systemic poisoning caused by upper respiratory tract infection are mild, mainly characterized by catarrhal symptoms in the nasopharynx.

(3) Some patients with epidemic meningitis initially experience sore throat and increased nasopharyngeal secretions, but quickly enter the sepsis and meningitis stage with chills, high fever, headache, and rash. In the later stage, there may be severe headache and signs of meningeal irritation. The main source of infection is carriers, which spread the disease through droplets.

(4) Poliomyelitis is an acute infectious disease caused by the polio virus, and children who have not received vaccination are susceptible to it. Most patients present with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms in the prodromal stage, and some enter the early stages of paralysis with neurological symptoms such as fever, limb pain, and hyperesthesia. The paralytics present with asymmetric and flaccid paralysis of the limbs, which are more common in unilateral lower limbs.

(5) Fever is the earliest symptom of typhoid fever and may be accompanied by upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, but is often accompanied by bradycardia, splenomegaly or roseola. Typhoid fever etiology and serological tests are positive and the course of the disease is long.

(6) Typhus: Epidemic typhus is more common in winter and spring, while endemic typhus is more common in summer and autumn. The onset is usually acute, with a rapid pulse and often a noticeable headache. The rash appears on the 5th to 6th day of onset and is numerous and may be hemorrhagic. The Weil-Fielen reaction was positive.