Early symptoms of foot-mouth and hand disease in children

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a very common disease that can have a great impact on a person's body and may even cause complications. Therefore, it is necessary for patients to understand the early symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease. Generally, in the early stages, there are colds and fevers, or low fevers. Small blisters will appear on the child's hands, feet and mouth. These small blisters can be identified through the child's symptoms.

1. What is hand, foot and mouth disease?

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common infectious disease in infants and young children caused by enterovirus. The latent infection rate of this disease is high, and the symptoms of the overt patients are generally mild.

2. What is the source of infection of hand, foot and mouth disease?

Patients, latently infected persons and asymptomatic carriers are the main sources of infection.

three. How is hand, foot and mouth disease transmitted?

It is mainly transmitted through close contact between people. Hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly transmitted through food contaminated by the patient's feces. Direct contact with the patient's broken blisters can also spread the virus. The virus in the patient's throat secretions and saliva can be transmitted through air droplets, and the patient's feces is still contagious for several weeks.

Four. Which groups of people are susceptible to hand, foot and mouth disease?

The general population is susceptible and can acquire immunity after being infected. People of all age groups can be infected and fall ill, mainly children under 5 years old.

5.What are the clinical manifestations of hand, foot and mouth disease?

Clinical manifestations: Hand, foot and mouth disease is an enteroviral disease with an incubation period of 3-7 days and no obvious prodromal symptoms: most patients develop the disease suddenly. It mainly invades four parts of the body: hands, feet, mouth and buttocks; clinically, it has four characteristics: no pain, no itching, no scabs and no scars. There may be mild upper respiratory tract infection symptoms in the early stages. Due to the pain of oral ulcers, the child drools and refuses to eat. Oral mucosal rash appears relatively early, initially as corn-like maculopapules or blisters surrounded by a red halo, mainly located on the tongue and cheeks, and often occurs on the lips and teeth.

Flat or convex maculopapules or blisters appear on distal parts such as hands and feet. The rash is not itchy. The maculopapules turn from red to dark and then disappear in about 5 days. The blisters are round or oval flat protrusions with turbid fluid inside. The long diameter is consistent with the direction of the skin texture. They vary in size like soybeans. Generally, there is no pain or itching, and no trace is left after healing. Hand, foot, and mouth lesions may not all appear in the same patient. The blisters and rash usually disappear within a week.

six. What complications may result from hand, foot and mouth disease?

Hand, foot and mouth disease manifests itself on the skin and mouth, but the virus can invade important organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. When the disease is prevalent, clinical monitoring of patients should be strengthened. If high fever or unexplained increase in white blood cell count occurs and no other infection foci can be found, we should be alert to the occurrence of fulminant myocarditis. When accompanied by aseptic meningitis, the symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, irritability, restless sleep, etc.; non-specific red papules and even punctate hemorrhages may occasionally be found on the body. People with central nervous system symptoms are mostly children under 2 years old.

seven. What are the epidemic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease?

This disease often leads to collective infection in childcare institutions. Cross-infection within the hospital can also cause transmission. The disease is highly contagious, has complex transmission routes, high epidemic intensity, and spreads quickly, and can cause a pandemic in a short period of time. Hand, foot and mouth disease is widely distributed. There is no strict regional distribution in Europe, America and Asia. Hand, foot and mouth disease can occur in all seasons, but it is more common in summer and autumn and less common in winter.

eight. How is hand, foot and mouth disease diagnosed?

The main diagnostic basis of this disease is ① It is more common in summer and autumn. ② Children are the main victims of the disease, and it often occurs in places where infants and young children gather, showing an epidemic trend. ③The main clinical manifestations are initial fever and a slight increase in the total white blood cell count, followed by maculopapular rashes and herpes-like lesions on the mucous membranes and skin of the mouth, hands, feet and other parts. ④The course of the disease is short and most patients recover within a week. When it occurs sporadically, it must be differentiated from foot-and-mouth disease, herpetic pharyngitis, rubella, etc.