3-year-old baby nosebleed

Not only adults, but many children also experience nosebleeds. There are many situations that cause nosebleeds in children, which parents cannot ignore. Nosebleeds in children may be caused by some diseases. So, do you know what causes nosebleeds in 3-year-old babies? Today we will introduce it to parents, hoping that parents can be more vigilant.

Judging from the clinical manifestations, if the nosebleed is mild, there will only be blood in the mucus, or there will be scabs and blood clots in the nasal cavity without blood flowing out, or it may be unilateral or bilateral nosebleed, with only a small amount of blood dripping from the front nasal cavity. The bleeding time is short and sometimes it can stop naturally without treatment.

In severe cases, blood often gushes out, or blood gushes out of the mouth and nose at the same time. The bleeding lasts for a long time and is not easy to stop. In terms of the location of nasal mucosal damage and bleeding, it can be roughly divided into the following four locations:

1) Anterior nasal bleeding: Most of the bleeding occurs in the vascular junction area in the anterior and lower part of the nasal septum, which we call Little's area bleeding. It is the most common bleeding site in children. Some children who like to pick their noses may even directly damage the vascular plexus in this area and cause bleeding. The characteristics of bleeding in this area are mostly small amount of bleeding, short duration, and easy to stop bleeding. However, some patients with heavy bleeding need to be hospitalized.

2) Bleeding in the middle and upper part of the nasal cavity: In children, it is mostly caused by trauma, often arterial bleeding, with a large amount of bleeding that is not easy to stop. For example, bleeding from the anterior ethmoid artery caused by ethmoid bone fracture can cause hemorrhagic shock.

3) Bleeding from the back of the nose: common in the elderly. Posterior nasal bleeding caused by nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is sometimes seen in children.

4) Diffuse nasal bleeding: It is more common in children with systemic chronic diseases such as leukemia, liver and kidney dysfunction; children with vitamin and nutritional disorders can also cause diffuse nasal bleeding.

1. Acute febrile infectious diseases

During childhood, some infectious diseases with rapid onset and high fever often occur, especially upper respiratory tract infections. When high fever occurs, the blood vessels of the skin and mucous membranes throughout the body become congested and swollen, and the nasal mucosa also undergoes such pathological changes. Acute congestion and swelling of the nasal mucosa are more likely to cause rupture and bleeding, because the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa are superficial. Once the fever is severe, coupled with the external force of blowing the nose hard, the blood vessels under the mucosa will rupture and bleed.

2. Trauma

The nose is an organ exposed on the body surface. Once an injury occurs, such as a blow or a fall, the nose is naturally the first to be affected. Under the impact of severe trauma, the blood vessels under the mucosa will rupture and bleed.

Strictly speaking, nose picking should also be included in the scope of trauma. Out of curiosity and discomfort, children often like to use their fingers to dig blindly in their nasal cavity. This is a bad habit that is not only unhygienic but also easily causes local nasal mucosal bleeding. The place where people usually pick their nose is at the front and lower part of the nasal septum. There are many blood vessels in this area, and many tiny blood vessels are interwoven into a network like a spider web. The blood vessels are superficial and very thin, and are located at the opening of the nasal cavity. Just digging with your hands can break the blood vessels. More than 90% of nosebleeds in children occur here.

4. Foreign bodies in the nasal cavity

Normally, there is nothing blocking the nasal cavity except some mucus produced by secretions, allowing breathing to be free and unobstructed. But sometimes, children like to put some small objects into their nasal cavity for fun, such as peanut kernels, melon seeds, fruit cores, soybeans, plastic paper, small metal toys, etc. Once these objects are stuck in the nose and become foreign bodies, the child cannot take them out by himself and dare not make any noise. Over time, they are forgotten and remain in the nasal cavity. Some foreign objects swell and mold when they come into contact with water in the nasal cavity, causing infection, erosion and bleeding of the nasal mucosa. Sometimes, due to the adverse stimulation of foreign objects, the nasal mucosa may also cause traumatic bleeding.