Causes of thrombocytopenia in children, understand the causes and treat them early

Thrombocytopenia is very harmful to children and can cause anemia. Many children with thrombocytopenia will also experience bleeding gums, fever, and general fatigue. Thrombocytopenia has both genetic and acquired factors and should be treated as soon as possible.

Causes of thrombocytopenia

1. Death due to decreased or ineffective platelet production: both hereditary and acquired. Acquired thrombocytopenia is caused by certain factors such as drugs, malignant tumors, infection, ionizing radiation, etc. that damage hematopoietic stem cells or affect their proliferation in the bone marrow. These factors can affect multiple hematopoietic cell systems, often accompanied by varying degrees of anemia, leukopenia, and a significant decrease in bone marrow megakaryocytes.

2. Excessive platelet destruction: both congenital and acquired. Acquired platelet destruction includes immune and non-immune causes. Common immune causes of excessive platelet destruction include idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and drug-induced thrombocytopenia. Excessive destruction of non-immune thrombocytopenia includes infection, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, etc.

3. Excessive retention of platelets in the spleen: most commonly seen in hypersplenism. Splenectomy is one of the treatments for thrombocytopenia.

Symptoms of thrombocytopenia

1. Clinically, the appearance of anemia symptoms is an important manifestation of thrombocytopenia. However, due to different pathogenic factors of patients, the anemia conditions of patients are also different, which are generally divided into acute and subacute types. Acute mainly refers to diseases such as leukemia, aplastic anemia and acute intravascular hemolysis; subacute mainly refers to common diseases such as acute aplastic anemia, cellular anemia and autoimmune anemia.

2. When suffering from thrombocytopenia, patients will often experience bleeding symptoms. This symptom mainly occurs on the surface of the patient's skin. Generally, large bruises can be clearly seen. In addition, some patients may also experience bleeding symptoms in the gums, nose, mouth, etc. In severe cases, the patient's digestive tract and internal organs may also experience bleeding symptoms.

3. Fever and pale face are also symptoms of thrombocytopenia. This is mainly due to the gradual decline in the patient's resistance, making them susceptible to infection. Clinically, patients often experience symptoms such as fever, pale complexion, and general fatigue. In severe cases, patients may also experience symptoms such as digestive tract infection and urinary tract infection.