What is the cause of anemia in a five-month-old baby?

As we all know, anemia will occur if there is a lack of iron, and the reason for anemia is generally known to be the lack of iron in the body. This is usually because the iron in the baby's body cannot meet its own growth needs during the growth process. However, these are general reasons. Parents still don’t understand other reasons, so many parents want to know some other reasons. So, what is the reason for the baby's anemia at five months old?

1. Antepartum bleeding is mainly transplacental blood loss, including fetal-placental bleeding, fetal-maternal blood transfusion and inter-twin blood transfusion. Because the bleeding is hidden, the amount of bleeding varies, and the bleeding speed can be rapid or slow, the clinical manifestations are different.

2. Blood loss during delivery is mostly caused by obstetric accidents, placenta and umbilical cord malformations during delivery.

(1) Placental abnormalities: Severe blood loss often occurs in placenta previa, early placental abruption, or mis-cutting of the placenta during cesarean section. Multilobed placenta is the most common placental malformation. Each lobe sends a fragile venous branch to the placenta, which is prone to rupture and bleeding.

(2) Umbilical cord abnormalities: A normal umbilical cord may bleed suddenly due to excessive pulling. Umbilical cord malformations include umbilical cord hemangioma and aberrant vessels. The latter is that the umbilical cord branches out into one or more blood vessels before reaching its implantation site. The blood vessels have thin walls and lack the protection of the umbilical cord jelly-like tissue, making them very easy to rupture. The umbilical cord is implanted in the placenta in a velamentous manner, and the blood vessels also pass through the amnion and chorion without protection. The bleeding rate is 1% to 2%.

3. Postnatal blood loss Postnatal blood loss is mostly caused by umbilical, gastrointestinal and internal bleeding. In recent years, blood loss caused by diagnostic blood drawing in hospitals has also increased.

4. Neonatal neutrophilia: Patients with listeriosis often have an increase in peripheral blood leukocytes, mainly neutrophils. The clinical manifestations vary, and the main clinical types include purulent meningoencephalitis, sepsis and perinatal infection, leading to abortion or neonatal listeriosis.

5.1. Fetal-maternal blood loss before delivery (the most common type of fetal blood loss) Fetal-fetal transfusion, the cause and mechanism are still unclear. It can occur during amniocentesis, external valgus version, intravenous injection of oxytocin and pregnancy-induced hypertension. In addition to actively preventing and treating pregnancy-induced hypertension, other operations should be cautious, and attention should be paid to identifying the occurrence of this disease, and effective diagnosis and treatment measures should be taken in time. If fetal-to-fetal transfusion can be diagnosed prenatally, the excess amniotic fluid can be extracted by puncturing the recipient fetus, which can relieve symptoms and is a method of treating the cause.

6.2. For blood loss during and after delivery, effective measures include improving delivery techniques, strengthening perinatal care, preventing dystocia and premature birth, and routinely supplementing vitamin K after birth.

The above is a detailed introduction to what causes anemia in babies at five months old. I hope it will be helpful to everyone. Similarly, as the baby grows, it is necessary to keep up with nutrition in all aspects of the body. Often, many problems may arise if they are not supplemented enough. Therefore, if your baby is iron deficient, it is helpful to read the above introduction carefully.